Proper name: Ocimum basilicum
Family: Lamiaceae

Basil is a fragrant, fast growing culinary herb prized for its tender leaves and fresh aroma. A warm season annual, basil thrives in sun and steady warmth, making it ideal for gardens, containers, and indoor growing with adequate light. Regular harvesting encourages lush growth, making basil one of the most rewarding herbs for cut and come again use.

Also Known As

Sweet Basil – The most common culinary type
Genovese Basil – Traditional Italian variety used for pesto
Italian Basil – Market name for large leaf types
Thai Basil – A distinct variety with anise notes
Holy Basil (Tulsi) – A related species used traditionally in teas

Note: While flavors differ, all are grown and used similarly.

History

Basil has been cultivated for thousands of years, with origins traced to India and Southeast Asia. It spread through trade routes into the Mediterranean, where it became a cornerstone of Italian cuisine. Across cultures, basil has been associated with protection, wellness, and hospitality. Today, it is one of the most widely grown herbs in home kitchens and gardens worldwide.

Plant Size

Height: 12 to 24 inches
Spread: 12 to 18 inches

Frequent pinching keeps plants compact and productive.

Germination Time

Seeds germinate in 5 to 10 days under warm conditions. Basil is sensitive to cold and should be planted only after soil temperatures have warmed.

Best Growing Zones

Basil grows best in USDA Zones 4 through 11 as a warm season annual. It thrives in temperatures between 70°F and 90°F.

Light Requirements

Full sun preferred
Requires 6 to 8+ hours of direct sunlight daily
Indoors, strong grow lights are essential for sturdy growth

Growing Methods

Soil: Yes
Hydroponic: Yes, excellent for leafy growth
Indoor: Yes, with strong light and airflow
Outdoor: Yes
Container: Yes, performs very well in containers

Growing Notes

Basil prefers well drained soil, consistent moisture, and regular harvesting. Pinch off flower buds promptly to keep leaves tender and flavorful. Plants benefit from gentle feeding during active growth. Basil can also be propagated easily from cuttings placed in water.

Similar and Related Plants

Mint
Oregano
Thyme
Lemon balm

Basil is a staple herb that rewards growers with continuous harvests, bold flavor, and versatility in the kitchen. With warmth, light, and regular cutting, it remains productive throughout the growing season.

Basil